The approach consisted of a number of steps. First of all the current ways of working, as well as the ambition level of the municipality are analysed. The Future Telling research method is applied to identify the most important drivers for change towards a livable cities in the coming 20 years. These drivers are then used to define a desired scenario for the city of Eindhoven in 2030. In a roadmap research the developments in lighting and smart city technologies are identified to realise the scenario, along with the organisational preconditions to achieve the ambition. These insights are subsequently used to define an innovation plan for the city with concrete steps to realise the ambition through public-private collaborations.

First the current situation and ambition level of the city of Eindhoven is defined. In this process the ILI Reference Model for Sustainable Urban Lighting is used to plot the results of the self-assessment and deep dive from the PLUS project. In a workshop the ambition level for the longer and shorter term is discussed.

It became clear that the ambition level of Eindhoven is to become a visionary leader in urban lighting. This vision includes collaboration in a quadruple helix structure (with the municipality, business parties, research institutes and citizens as equal partners) to realise innovative lighting solutions that contribute to the quality of life in the city. Explorations with innovative lighting solutions will take place in (temporary) living labs and should contribute to the development of the city in becoming a hotspot for lighting innovation. The local council will face a changing role. From a lead user that offers the city as a test bed to suppliers, via a provider of infrastructure as enabler for innovation, to a full partner in an innovation collaboration that safeguards the public interest through citizen involvement in the innovation process.

In the next step a vision on the future is explored. With the Future Telling research method 12 experts from industry, knowledge institutes and government are invited to select the top 10 global trends with major impact and discuss their view on how these will influence life in the city in 2030. The analysis of the results of the interviews revealed three drivers for change:

• The influence of information - highlighting that an ethical recalibration is required to ensure that intelligent systems are indeed serving the public interest.
• The perception of value - highlighting the need for an economical recalibration, beyond monetary value.
• The potential of people - highlighting the need for social recalibration, based on new social structures.

With the drivers for change a discussion is started on their impact on Eindhoven in 2030. A scenario is defined to paint the future vision for Eindhoven specifically. In this scenario an omnipotent smart lighting grid will bring ICT, energy and lighting together. This integration facilitates new possibilities for the social urban space. The municipality will have an important role in providing the smart lighting grid as a public utility, including lighting in its broadest sense (from functional lighting to multimedia art projections), and safety in its broadest sense, including social safety, traffic systems and air quality. In 2030 the public space is no longer just a transit space, but an extension of the personal living space. The municipality is responsible as provider and ensures the smart lighting grid is used to serve societal needs. Processes will have to be set up to guard the public interest and to open up the smart lighting grid for all kinds of initiatives (from citizens and commercial parties) to ensure continuous development in and by the quadruple helix. This also means that experiments should be enabled in (temporary) living labs with co-creation and testing of new solutions with various partners.

In the next step various companies and knowledge institutes are invited to explore the technological possibilities and organisational preconditions to realise the scenario for 2030:

• Lighting technologies: the current focus is on performance improvement of the hardware. In the near future the focus will shift towards more dynamic and interactive systems that allow light-on-demand. Subsequently more social systems will emerge that are more responsive to the needs of citizens.
• Smart city technologies: currently focussing on realising a broadband infrastructure with many access points. In the near future the availability of open data from different sources will drive new systems development. First as separate systems, but later on merging into a system-of-systems. Further integration will lead to smart city systems that integrate different municipal services. There is a general consensus that the smart city and smart lighting systems will merge somewhere after 2020.
• Organisation preconditions: there are a number of organisational preconditions to make this roadmap happen. First of all the procurement processes will need to be adapted to ensure innovation. New revenue models are needed as well as innovation networks. In parallel living labs will need to be set up to start co-creation on societal issues. These living labs will give rise to new products and services that will be using new business models. The municipality will need to play an active role in defining new laws and regulations to facilitate these innovations, and also to ensure that the public interest is safeguarded.

In the roadmap roughly three milestones can be distinguished. On the shorter term a transition will take place in the perception of people towards more social responsibility for self and others. Subsequently technology will be used to create meaningful connections. And in the longer term a transition in social innovation will take place, when entrepreneurial people and cities co-innovate towards valuable solutions that contribute to a higher quality of life.

In the next step the roadmap is translated into a plan towards a smart lighting grid. In this plan two activities are defined:

• Making innovation plans for urban areas, where a differentiation in solutions is used to address different needs in the areas, leading to differences in the required infrastructure. There will also be a difference in opportunities for new revenue models with new services in the specific areas.
• Experimenting with the new role for the municipality as full partner in the quadruple helix structure for innovation, ensuring that the public interest is safeguarded by supporting citizen participation and initiating new business models in public-private-partnerships.

The municipality will have an important role to establish the preconditions for innovation. This includes the safeguarding of public interest and availability of the basic services by providing open access to the system at all levels: connectivity to the infrastructure for public services, access to the devices, access to data for public interest and access to acquired knowledge. It also includes ensuring continuous innovation and co-creation with citizens by organising the quadruple helix to innovate at all levels of the system: innovations in the infrastructure, innovations in the system of devices and developing a standard interface, innovation in services to drive development of new applications, and social innovation to prioritise societal challenges and issues that are deemed important by the citizens.

The concrete steps to be taken on the short term then involve the creation of a plan on city level that indicates ambitions and priorities. In parallel pilots can be done in specific city areas that provide a learning platform and scalability.

Concrete actions include the installations of living labs in the city, the change towards an innovative organisation and taking the lead to organise required preconditions on European level. In the coming years the municipality will have to develop its role from lead user to full partner in the quadruple helix. This also means that all partners will have to embrace mutual dependency in collaborative innovation and learning-by-dong. The municipality will have to take the lead in this transition to guard the openness in the collaboration agreements and to ensure the public interest is safeguarded.

This report is based on the specific context and ambition of the city of Eindhoven. Although a number of conclusions will also be applicable for other cities, we wish to emphasize that different strategies and ambitions can also create different opportunities in realisation.

The city of Eindhoven issued a tender for urban lighting based on this roadmap. The consortium Philips Lighting / Heijmans won the tender and started the co-creation process for innovative smart lighting solutions in five living labs in 2016. LightHouse is involved in the needs finding and impact analysis of the solutions. More information is available on the page 'Jouw Licht op 040'.

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  TUe LightHouse - Vision & Roadmapping